Monday, November 17, 2014
Bibliography: Final Week
McFarland, Kenneth [Internet] Botany 111 Fall 2014. [17 November 201 4]. Available from http://botany1112014.blogspot.com/
Patterson, D.J. 2013. Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. 5th impression. London (UK): Manson Publishing Ltd.
Pennak, Robert W. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States: Protozoa to Mollusca 3rd ed. A Wiley-interscience publication.
Prescott, G.W. The Fresh-Water Algae. W.M.C Brown Company Publishers.
MicroAquarium: Final Observation
This weeks observation was the final observation of my MicroAquarium. Dr. McFarland was able to identify a few more organisms that I did not see in previous observations. It was cool to see how far along my MicroAquarium came especially since the first observation. Each week I was able to find new organisms and then look them up and see their functions. Just like last weeks observation I was able to see previously identified organisms and I tried to name them myself, it was a good challenge.
The first thing Dr. McFarland identified was a plant structure called Spirogyra sp. Spyrogyra forms green 'clouds' of cottony growths, usually in quiet water. In the reproductive state the plants appear at the surface, forming cottany mats of the (pond scums) and become brown or dirty (Prescott, 1954, fig 147, p. 75).
Image: Spirogyra Sp.
The next organism Dr. McFarland identified as called Heterophrys sp. This centroheliozoan genus is distinguished by the presence of organic spicules around the body. The spicules only appear as an ill defined halo around the cell (Patterson, 1992, fig 404, p.173).
Heterophrys sp.
The next thing Dr. McFarland identified was called a Diatom sp. A Diatom is a kind of protist with chloroplasts and a siliceous lorica/wall (Patterson, 1992, fig 6, p.25).
Image: Diatom Sp.
Another organism Dr. McFarland identified was Epilaxis sp. Epilaxis is flattened and has rigid cells, usually wedge shaped. The body may be drawn out into folds and/or spikes, with the somatic cilia reduced to few tufts, usually from putrid waters (Patterson, 1992,fig 311, p.141).
Image: Epilaxis Sp.
The next organism Dr. McFarland identified was called Gastrotrich Sp. Most freshwater species are very small. Size range overlaps that of ciliates with which they can be confused because of the cilia and spines. They can be distinguished by the two adhesive structures at the posterior end of the cell and by the presence of a discrete pharynx, they usually glide not swim (Patterson, 1992, fig 16, p. 28)
Image: Gastrotrich Sp.
The next organism that Dr. McFarland identified was a freshwater jellyfish called Craspedacusta Sowerbyi Sp. This orgamism is decribed more in Robert W. Pennak's "Freshwater Invertebrates of the U.S. " (Pennak, 1952, fig 5A, P.116).
Image: Craspedacusta Sowerbyi Sp.
The first thing Dr. McFarland identified was a plant structure called Spirogyra sp. Spyrogyra forms green 'clouds' of cottony growths, usually in quiet water. In the reproductive state the plants appear at the surface, forming cottany mats of the (pond scums) and become brown or dirty (Prescott, 1954, fig 147, p. 75).
Image: Spirogyra Sp.
The next organism Dr. McFarland identified as called Heterophrys sp. This centroheliozoan genus is distinguished by the presence of organic spicules around the body. The spicules only appear as an ill defined halo around the cell (Patterson, 1992, fig 404, p.173).
Heterophrys sp.
The next thing Dr. McFarland identified was called a Diatom sp. A Diatom is a kind of protist with chloroplasts and a siliceous lorica/wall (Patterson, 1992, fig 6, p.25).
Image: Diatom Sp.
Another organism Dr. McFarland identified was Epilaxis sp. Epilaxis is flattened and has rigid cells, usually wedge shaped. The body may be drawn out into folds and/or spikes, with the somatic cilia reduced to few tufts, usually from putrid waters (Patterson, 1992,fig 311, p.141).
Image: Epilaxis Sp.
The next organism Dr. McFarland identified was called Gastrotrich Sp. Most freshwater species are very small. Size range overlaps that of ciliates with which they can be confused because of the cilia and spines. They can be distinguished by the two adhesive structures at the posterior end of the cell and by the presence of a discrete pharynx, they usually glide not swim (Patterson, 1992, fig 16, p. 28)
Image: Gastrotrich Sp.
The next organism that Dr. McFarland identified was a freshwater jellyfish called Craspedacusta Sowerbyi Sp. This orgamism is decribed more in Robert W. Pennak's "Freshwater Invertebrates of the U.S. " (Pennak, 1952, fig 5A, P.116).
Image: Craspedacusta Sowerbyi Sp.
Monday, November 10, 2014
Bibliography week 3
McFarland, Kenneth [Internet] Botany 111 Fall 2014. [11 November 201 4]. Available from http://botany1112014.blogspot.com/
Patterson, D.J. 2013. Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. 5th impression. London (UK): Manson Publishing Ltd.
Pennak, Robert W. Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the United States: Protozoa to Mollusca. 3rd ed. A Wiley-interscience publication.
MicroAquarium Week 3
It has been 3 weeks of looking at our MicroAquariums under the microscope. Dr. McFarland has continued to identify many organisms. It has been really cool to see new organisms and what their functions are. Also it is cool to see previous identified organisms and try to name them myself. It is really interesting even after week 3 to see the habits and interactions of the organisms.
One of the new organisms identified by Dr. McFarland was called Litonotus sp. Litonotus sp have membranes that are flattened, predatory or scavenging ciliates. The mouth region is on the conuet anterior and lateral margain, under which may be seen some of the extrusomes (toxicysts) that are used in food capture (Patterson, 1992, fig 286, page 133).
Image: Litonotus sp.
Another organism identified by Dr. McFarland is Colpidium sp. Colpidium sp, this ciliate is often in large numbers in organically enriched and slightly anoxic sites. The mouth which lies below a slightly protruding anterior part of the body, incorporates ciliary organelles that are used to concentrate suspended particles and deliver them for packaging into food vacuoles. The large empty looking vacuole near the centre of the cell is the contractile vacuole (Patterson, 1992, fig 337, p 151).
Image: Colpidium sp.
Another organism that was identified by Dr. McFarland was a Stentor sp. A Stentor attaches to the substrates by the means of a hold fast, and when relaxed and feeding, they have a trumpet shape. Feeding is achieved by the membranelles which run around the flattened anterior end of the cell, i.e. the adoral zone of the membranelles. The contractile vacuole lies adjacent to the cytosome (Patterson, 1992, fig 214, p 107).
Image: Stentor sp.
Dr. McFarland also identified an organism called Limnias sp. Limnias sp- Tube chitinoid, often opaqueand more or less covered with debri, corona of two distinct lobes, or nearly circular; dorsal anterior short to long (Pennak, 1953, figure J, p 218).
As you watch the video you should notice that Limnias sp. goes in a circular motion and takes in what it wants and pushes the stuff it does not want away.
Image and Video both Limnias sp.
Another organism identified by Dr. McFarland was an Unknown Rotifer sp. Rotifers are metazoa and are often in the same size range as ciliates, with which they may compete. Rotifers have anterior aggregates of cilia, used in the collection of food; the food is the passed into the gut via two stout grinding plates called Mastax. Most roifers have a posterior (Patterson, 1992, fig 15, p 27).
Image: Uknown Rofiter sp.
One of the new organisms identified by Dr. McFarland was called Litonotus sp. Litonotus sp have membranes that are flattened, predatory or scavenging ciliates. The mouth region is on the conuet anterior and lateral margain, under which may be seen some of the extrusomes (toxicysts) that are used in food capture (Patterson, 1992, fig 286, page 133).
Image: Litonotus sp.
Another organism identified by Dr. McFarland is Colpidium sp. Colpidium sp, this ciliate is often in large numbers in organically enriched and slightly anoxic sites. The mouth which lies below a slightly protruding anterior part of the body, incorporates ciliary organelles that are used to concentrate suspended particles and deliver them for packaging into food vacuoles. The large empty looking vacuole near the centre of the cell is the contractile vacuole (Patterson, 1992, fig 337, p 151).
Image: Colpidium sp.
Another organism that was identified by Dr. McFarland was a Stentor sp. A Stentor attaches to the substrates by the means of a hold fast, and when relaxed and feeding, they have a trumpet shape. Feeding is achieved by the membranelles which run around the flattened anterior end of the cell, i.e. the adoral zone of the membranelles. The contractile vacuole lies adjacent to the cytosome (Patterson, 1992, fig 214, p 107).
Image: Stentor sp.
Dr. McFarland also identified an organism called Limnias sp. Limnias sp- Tube chitinoid, often opaqueand more or less covered with debri, corona of two distinct lobes, or nearly circular; dorsal anterior short to long (Pennak, 1953, figure J, p 218).
As you watch the video you should notice that Limnias sp. goes in a circular motion and takes in what it wants and pushes the stuff it does not want away.
Image and Video both Limnias sp.
Another organism identified by Dr. McFarland was an Unknown Rotifer sp. Rotifers are metazoa and are often in the same size range as ciliates, with which they may compete. Rotifers have anterior aggregates of cilia, used in the collection of food; the food is the passed into the gut via two stout grinding plates called Mastax. Most roifers have a posterior (Patterson, 1992, fig 15, p 27).
Image: Uknown Rofiter sp.
Monday, November 3, 2014
Bibliography Week 2
McFarland, Kenneth [Internet] Botany 111 Fall 2014. [3 November 2014]. Available from http://botany1112014.blogspot.com/
Patterson, D.J. 2013. Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. 5th impression. London (UK): Manson Publishing Ltd
Patterson, D.J. 2013. Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. 5th impression. London (UK): Manson Publishing Ltd
MicroAquarium week 3 Observation 2
This week as I went and looked at my MicroAquarium Dr. McFarland put in a food pellet from Atison's Betta Food (Information seen below). One thing I noticed was that a bunch of the Micro Organisms were attracted to the food source. The past two weeks that I have been to observe my aquarium I have noticed a bunch of the same Micro-Organisms that I saw the first week; however, I did see organisms that I have not seen before but they were very fast moving and hard to focus on so it tough to even try to identify them.
"Atison's Betta Food" made by Ocean Nutrition, Aqua Pet Americas, 3528 West 500 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84104. Ingredients: Fish meal, wheat flower, soy meal, krill meal, minerals, vitamins and preservatives. Analysis: Crude Protein 36%; Crude fat 4.5%; Crude Fiber 3.5%; Moisture 8% and Ash 15%
One of the first things Dr McFarland identified was called Vorticella. Vorticella is a common pertrich ciliate. The only cilia that are present are the wreaths of feeding cilia made of an upper band, which corresponds to the undulating membrane (Patterson,1992, Figure 232, p. 113).
Image: Vorticella
The next organism Dr McFarland identified were Euplotes. Euplotes are a common and widespread hypotrich ciliate. The adoral zone of membranelles draws a current of water under the cell towards the cytostome suspended particles may then be removed by ciliate (Patterson, 1992, figure 259, p.124).
Image: Euplotes
Another organism Dr McFarlandidentified was called halteria. Halteria is an oligotrich ciliate. Most oligotrich use the adoral zone of membranelles for feeding and locomotion. Halteria not only has AZM but also an equitorial girdle of stiff cirri, the action of which propels the cell with a bounding motion. This is a sufficiency distinctive trait for the genus to be identified from motion alone ( Patterson, 1992, figure 304, p.139).
Image: Halteria
"Atison's Betta Food" made by Ocean Nutrition, Aqua Pet Americas, 3528 West 500 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84104. Ingredients: Fish meal, wheat flower, soy meal, krill meal, minerals, vitamins and preservatives. Analysis: Crude Protein 36%; Crude fat 4.5%; Crude Fiber 3.5%; Moisture 8% and Ash 15%
One of the first things Dr McFarland identified was called Vorticella. Vorticella is a common pertrich ciliate. The only cilia that are present are the wreaths of feeding cilia made of an upper band, which corresponds to the undulating membrane (Patterson,1992, Figure 232, p. 113).
Image: Vorticella
The next organism Dr McFarland identified were Euplotes. Euplotes are a common and widespread hypotrich ciliate. The adoral zone of membranelles draws a current of water under the cell towards the cytostome suspended particles may then be removed by ciliate (Patterson, 1992, figure 259, p.124).
Image: Euplotes
Another organism Dr McFarlandidentified was called halteria. Halteria is an oligotrich ciliate. Most oligotrich use the adoral zone of membranelles for feeding and locomotion. Halteria not only has AZM but also an equitorial girdle of stiff cirri, the action of which propels the cell with a bounding motion. This is a sufficiency distinctive trait for the genus to be identified from motion alone ( Patterson, 1992, figure 304, p.139).
Image: Halteria
Monday, October 27, 2014
Bibliography
McFarland, Kenneth [Internet] Botany 111 Fall 2014. [cited 22 October 2014]. Available from http://botany1112014.blogspot.com/
Patterson, D.J. 2013. Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. 5th impression. London (UK): Manson Publishing Ltd
Patterson, D.J. 2013. Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. 5th impression. London (UK): Manson Publishing Ltd
Micro-Organisms Week 1
Observing my Micro Aquarium for the first time out of lab some of the Micro-Organisms I found were named. After I got my Micro Aquarium out of the specific container it was in I then went over and placed it under the microscope. Dr. McFarland came over to me and begin naming some organisms and showed pictures in the book titled Free Living Freshwater Protozoa A Colour Guide by D.J. Patterson.
Organism 1: The first organism Dr. McFarland identified was called Anisonema sp. Anisonema sp. has two prominent flagella that are unequal in breadth and length The anterior flagellum is the weaker of the two, beating normally. The recurrent flagellum is much broader and trails along the ground as the cell moves (Patterson,1992,figure 78,p.77). It was interesting to look at because of the way flagellum worked and how the organism moved.
Image 1: Anisonema sp.
Organism 2: The next thing Dr. McFarland helped identify was called Tachysoma sp. Tachysoma sp. has well developed (immotile) dorsal bristles which can be confused with cirri. The adoral zone of membranelles has the typical coolar-and-lapel arrangement (Patterson,1992,Figure 265,pg.125).
Image 2: Tachysoma sp.
Organism 1: The first organism Dr. McFarland identified was called Anisonema sp. Anisonema sp. has two prominent flagella that are unequal in breadth and length The anterior flagellum is the weaker of the two, beating normally. The recurrent flagellum is much broader and trails along the ground as the cell moves (Patterson,1992,figure 78,p.77). It was interesting to look at because of the way flagellum worked and how the organism moved.
Image 1: Anisonema sp.
Organism 2: The next thing Dr. McFarland helped identify was called Tachysoma sp. Tachysoma sp. has well developed (immotile) dorsal bristles which can be confused with cirri. The adoral zone of membranelles has the typical coolar-and-lapel arrangement (Patterson,1992,Figure 265,pg.125).
Image 2: Tachysoma sp.
Sunday, October 19, 2014
MicroAquarium Setup
In lab on October 15 we set up our MicroAquariums. We used a small glass aquarium that we put on a stand and had a lid. I filled my aquarium with water from Dean's Woods Spring Creek which was choice 6. (6.Spring Creek off Woodson Dr runing throught
Dean's Woods Road frontage., Knox Co. Tennessee. Partial shade exposure.
Tennessee River water Shed N35 55.274 W083 56.888 848 ft 10/12/2014). We had to get water from the bottom of the bowl first so that soil could be in our aquariums. Then we had to get water from anywhere in the bowl but we also had to get surface water.
The plants we used in our aquariums were:
Amblestegium Varium (moss)- Collection is from: Natural spring at Carter Mills Park.
Carter Mill Road, Knox County, TN.
Partial shade exposure (N36 01.168 W83 42.832).
Utricularia Gibba (humped bladderwort)- Carnivorous plant. Original material from south shore of Spain Lake (N 35o55 12.35'' W088o20' 47.00). East of Sparta TN, White County.
After we got everything in our aquarium we look at it under a microscope. Looking at it under the microscope was really cool and interesting. What I saw under the microscope were micro-organisms and how they move around and survive but I do not know the names of yet. I will soon know their names when I look at them again.
The plants we used in our aquariums were:
Amblestegium Varium (moss)- Collection is from: Natural spring at Carter Mills Park.
Carter Mill Road, Knox County, TN.
Partial shade exposure (N36 01.168 W83 42.832).
Utricularia Gibba (humped bladderwort)- Carnivorous plant. Original material from south shore of Spain Lake (N 35o55 12.35'' W088o20' 47.00). East of Sparta TN, White County.
After we got everything in our aquarium we look at it under a microscope. Looking at it under the microscope was really cool and interesting. What I saw under the microscope were micro-organisms and how they move around and survive but I do not know the names of yet. I will soon know their names when I look at them again.
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